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- $Unique_ID{BRK04005}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome}
- $Subject{Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome MVPS Mitral Leaflet Syndrome Systolic
- Murmur Click Syndrome Billowing Posterior Mitral Leaflet Syndrome Mitral
- Click-Murmur Syndrome Ballooning Posterior Leaflet Syndrome Barlow Syndrome
- Marfan Syndrome Rheumatic Endocarditis }
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- Copyright (C) 1988, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 564:
- Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Mitral Valve Prolapse
- Syndrome) is not the name you expected. Please check the synonym list to
- find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- MVPS
- Mitral Leaflet Syndrome
- Systolic Murmur
- Click Syndrome
- Billowing Posterior Mitral Leaflet Syndrome
- Mitral Click-Murmur Syndrome
- Ballooning Posterior Leaflet Syndrome
- Barlow Syndrome
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Marfan Syndrome
- Rheumatic Endocarditis
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome is a heart disorder. The exact cause is
- unknown. It can be a symptom of other disorders such as connective tissue
- diseases or muscular dystrophy, or it may occur by itself. Major symptoms
- include chest pain and/or palpitations, accompanied by a heart murmur. An
- Shortness of breath, fatigue, light-headedness and dizzy spells may, in some
- cases, progress to an inability to breathe except when sitting in an upright
- position. There is a characteristic click heard through a stethoscope upon
- physical examination. Blood may flow back through the heart valve (mitral
- regurgitation) causing other complications.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Most patients with Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome have no noticeable
- symptoms. When symptoms appear, fatigue, weakness, palpitations and dizzy
- spells occur. Others may experience chest pains or have a history of heart
- murmur. An irregularity of the normal rhythm of the heart (arrhythmia) may
- develop. Examination with a stethoscope may reveal sounds of multiple clicks
- and nonejection clicks. The murmurs are identifiable by soft blowing sounds
- which are variable and may be heard separately or only at certain times. The
- flow of blood back through the valve (mitral regurgitation) does not occur in
- all cases and may be trivial, slowly progressive, or sudden and severe.
- Serious complications may be associated with the use of oral contraceptives
- in women with mitral valve prolapse. The rest of the cardiac system usually
- functions normally. In rare cases, mitral valve prolapse may result in
- inflammation of the sac around the heart (endocarditis), stroke, or
- congestive heart failure.
-
- Causes
-
- Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome can be inherited as an autosomal dominant
- trait. (Human traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the product
- of the interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from the
- father and one from the mother. In dominant disorders, a single abnormal
- gene, contributed by either parent, "overrides" the normal gene contributed
- by the other parent causing disease. Individuals with one affected parent
- have a fifty percent chance of inheriting the disorder. Males and females
- will be affected in equal numbers.)
-
- Some cases of Mitral Valve Prolapse may develop as a result of
- neuroendocrine or autonomic nerve dysfunction. The loosening of the
- connective tissue which acts as the flap of the valve (mitral valve leaflets)
- may occur. Additionally the fibrous cords that hold the mitral valve to the
- interior of the heart wall (chordae tendineae) may become elongated and cause
- this disorder. Abnormally contracting left ventricular wall segments may
- also be a cause of MVP, or it may develop after rheumatic fever if the heart
- is affected. Changes in heart valves may also occur as a consequence of
- connective tissue disorders. (For more information, choose "Connective
- Tissue Disorder" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Affected Population
-
- Mitral Valve Prolapse affects males and females, but it most often appears in
- women of childbearing age.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Mitral Valve
- Prolapse. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Marfan Syndrome is an inherited disorder of connective tissue that
- primarily affects the bones and ligaments, the eyes, the cardiovascular
- system, and the lungs. People with this disorder are unusually tall, and they
- have large hands and feet. The most serious symptoms of Marfan Syndrome
- involve the heart. Untreated, the disorder can cause sudden death; with
- treatment patients can live a normal life span. (For more information on
- this disorder, choose "Marfan" as your search term in the Rare Disease
- Database).
-
- Rheumatic Fever is an infectious disease that can occur following
- streptococcal infections such as strep throat. A few days or weeks after
- recovery from the strep infection patients experience feelings of ill health
- (malaise), fatigue and swelling of one or more joints. Major complications
- can include heart disease, joint pain and arthritis, involuntary abrupt limb
- movements (chorea) with characteristic facial grimaces, and possible skin
- symptoms. Treatment should begin as soon as possible, and be maintained for
- months or even years to help prevent serious complications such as rheumatic
- heart disease. Rheumatic fever can be avoided if strep throat is vigorously
- treated and cured with antibiotics. (For more information on this disorder,
- choose "Rheumatic Fever" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Testing for mitral prolapse usually involves the following diagnostic tests:
- chest X-ray, electrocardiogram, echocardiography, cardiac catheterization and
- angiography, radionuclide studies, exercise testing or ambulatory
- electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings. Surgery is not usually recommended.
- However, in rare cases mitral valve prolapse may be treated by replacement of
- the affected valve. The use of oral contraceptives by women with mitral
- valve prolapse is contraindicated, and antibiotics should be prescribed
- before surgical procedures (such as tooth extractions and other minor or
- major surgery) as a preventive measure to avoid infection.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Drugs such as beta blockers and moricizene (Ethmozine) may alleviate many of
- the heart rhythm abnormalities (arrhythmias and tachycardias) associated with
- mitral valve prolapse. Other symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness, and
- fainting spells may also respond to these drugs.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- November 1988. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Mitral Valve Prolapse, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- American Heart Association
- 7320 Greenville Ave.
- Dallas, TX 75231
- (214) 750-5300
-
- NIH/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-4236
-
- Coaltion of Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue
- c/o National Marfan Foundation
- 382 Main St.
- Port Washington, NY 11050
- (516) 944-5412
-
- For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- This Rare Disease Database entry is based upon outlines prepared by medical
- and dental students (1984-1986) at the Medical College of Virginia for their
- course in human genetics, and the following articles:
-
- INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown
- and Co., 1987. Pp. 475-482.
-
- MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE SYNDROME. EVIDENCE OF HYPERADRENERGIC STATE; H.
- Boudoulas, et al.; Postgrad Med (February 29, 1988, Spec No:). Pp.152-162.
-
- COMPLEX VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE
- SYNDROME. EFFECTIVENESS OF MORICIZINE (ETHMOZINE) IN PATIENTS RESISTANT TO
- CONVENTIONAL ANTIARRHYTHMICS; C.M. Pratt, et al.; Am J Med (April, 1986,
- issue 80(4)). Pp. 626-632.
-
- MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE IN WOMEN WITH ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE-RELATED
- CEREBROVASCULAR INSUFFICIENCY. ASSOCIATED PERSISTENT HYPERCOAGULABLE STATE.
- M.B. Elam, et al.; Arch Intern Med (January, 1986, issue 146 (1)). Pp. 73-77.
-
-